Intl.DateTimeFormat实现yyyy-dd-mm任意格式日期格式化

new Intl.DateTimeFormat日期格式化
可以针对不同日期格式进行转换
比如:2024/03/16 2024-03-16 2024年03月16日等格式

//1.在main.js文件中引入全局方法
import global from "./utils/global"

//2.组件中使用
created() {
    let nowTime = new Date();
    let res = this.$global.dateFormatter(nowTime, 'yyyy年MM月dd日HH时mm分ss秒');
    console.log('res', res); //2024年03月16日10时14分53秒
  },

//3.全局封装一个日期格式化方法
const global = {
  /* 
    zh-CN 中文
    en-US 英式英语
    en-CA 美式英语
   */
  timeFormat (now) {
    return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('zh-CN', { dateStyle: 'long' }).format(now);//2024年3月16日
    //return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('zh-CN', { dateStyle: 'medium' }).format(now);//2024年3月16日
    //return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('zh-CN', { dateStyle: 'short' }).format(now);//2024/3/16
    //return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US', { dateStyle: 'long' }).format(now);//March 16, 2024
    //return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US', { dateStyle: 'medium' }).format(now);// Mar 16, 2024
    //return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US', { dateStyle: 'short' }).format(now);// 3/16/24
    //return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-CA', { dateStyle: 'long' }).format(now);//March 16, 2024
    //return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-CA', { dateStyle: 'medium' }).format(now);//March 16, 2024
    //return new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-CA', { dateStyle: 'short' }).format(now); //2024-03-16
  },
  // 创建 Intl.DateTimeFormat 对象并设置格式选项
  /* 
    @times  日期  new Date()
    @type   日期格式  yyyy/MM/dd;yyyy-MM-dd;yyyy年MM月dd日
    @dateFormatter  使用this.$global.dateFormatter(times,type)
  */
  dateFormatter (times, type) {
    //https://tc39.es/ecma402/#sec-intl.datetimeformat.prototype.formatRange
    const options = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US', {
      //weekday: 'long',//周几	可以是"narrow", "short", "long",
      //era: 'short',//"narrow", "short", "long"
      year: 'numeric', // 年份,可以是 "numeric"、"2-digit"
      month: '2-digit', // 月份,可以是 "2-digit", "numeric", "narrow", "short", "long"
      day: '2-digit', // 日期,可以是 "2-digit", "numeric"
      //dayPeriod: 'long',//  "narrow", "short", "long"
      hour: 'numeric', // 小时,可以是 "2-digit", "numeric"
      minute: 'numeric', // 分钟,可以是 "2-digit", "numeric"
      second: 'numeric', // 秒,可以是 "2-digit", "numeric"
      hour12: false, // 是否使用 24 小时制
    });
    let formattedDate = options.format(times);
    if (type) {
      const parts = formattedDate.split(/[/,\s:]/);//把字符串切割成数组['03', '16', '2024', '', '09', '56', '17']
      //把日期转换成中国的顺序展示
      const formattedString = type.replace(/(yyyy|MM|dd|HH|mm|ss)/g, (type) => {
        switch (type) {
          case 'yyyy': return parts[2]; //年
          case 'MM': return parts[0];   //月
          case 'dd': return parts[1];   //日
          case 'HH': return parts[4];   //时
          case 'mm': return parts[5];   //分
          case 'ss': return parts[6];   //秒
          default: return type;
        }
      });
      return formattedString;
    }
    return formattedDate
  }
}
export default global

RingCentral Online Terms of Service

Last updated: March 11, 2024

We updated the RingCentral Terms of Service on  March 11, 2024. These changes will be effective April 11, 2024, to customers who signed up for RingCentral service before March 11, 2024. View a record of the previous Terms of Service here.

THESE ONLINE TERMS OF SERVICE, including the Order(s) and any applicable Service Attachments, which by this reference are incorporated herein (“Agreement”), are a binding agreement between RingCentral, Inc., a Delaware corporation with its primary office at 20 Davis Drive, Belmont, CA 94002, (“RingCentral”), and the legal entity identified in the Order (“Customer”). RingCentral and Customer may be individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties.”

RingCentral provides services and equipment intended solely for business use, pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and on the condition that customer accepts and complies with this Agreement. By electronically signing this Agreement, Customer (a) accepts this agreement and agrees that Customer is legally bound by its terms; and (b) represents and warrants that: (i) its representative is 18 years of age or of legal age to enter into a binding agreement; and (ii) has the right, power, and authority to enter into this agreement on behalf of the corporation, governmental organization, or other legal entity, and to bind such organization to these terms. If Customer does not agree to the terms of this agreement, neither Customer nor its End Users may download, install, or use the services or equipment.

The Parties agree as follows:

1. Definitions

Capitalized terms not defined have the meaning given to them in Attachment A.

2. Ordering and Term

A. Ordering Services

Customer may order Services by submitting electronically an Order in the format provided by RingCentral on the RingCentral website or, for subsequent orders, via the Administrative Portal. The Order will identify the Services requested by Customer together with: (i) the price for each Service; (ii) scheduled Start Date; (iii) and products leased, licensed or sold to Customer, if any.

An Order will become binding when it is executed by the Customer and accepted by RingCentral. RingCentral may accept an Order by commencing performance of the requested Services. The Services will begin on the Start Date, as identified in the applicable Order. Customer may purchase additional Services, software, and equipment through Orders via the Administrative Portal.

B. Services

The following are the Services provided by RingCentral (not all Services are available in all locations) and the descriptions are incorporated into and form a part of this Agreement:

RingEX, Avaya Cloud Office by RingCentral, Rainbow Office by RingCentral, and Unify Office by RingCentral described at https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/mvp-service-attachment.html.

RingCentral Contact Center Services, described at https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/contact-center-svcs.html.

RingCentral Engage Digital Services, described at https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/engage-digital-svcs.html.

RingCentral Engage Voice Services, described at https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/engage-voice-svcs.html.

RingCX Services described at: https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/service-attachement-ringcx-services.html

RingCentral Video Pro, Unify Video by RingCentral described at: https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/service-attachment-ringcentral-video.html.

RingCentral Professional Services, described at https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/professional-services-attachment.html.

Add-on Services. Customer is responsible for reviewing additional terms and conditions that may apply to RingCentral add-on services (where available) and certain Advanced Support Services listed on this order form, and which are available at https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/add-on-services.html

RingCX Services described at: https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/ringcx-services-attachment.html.

Any SOWs, as defined in the Professional Services Agreement, may be attached to the Order.

C. Equipment

Subject to availability based on brand and Customer location, Customer may purchase or rent equipment from RingCentral for use with the Services. The terms and conditions that govern any such transaction can be found at:

D. Term of this Agreement

The Term of this Agreement will commence on the Effective Date and continue until the last Order Form is terminated or expires, unless terminated earlier in accordance with its terms.

E. Services Term and Automatic Renewal

The Services’ term will begin on the Start Date of the initial Order and continue for the initial term set forth in the initial Order (“Initial Term”). Upon expiration of the Initial Term, recurring Services will automatically renew for successive periods of the same length as the Initial Term (each a “Renewal Term”) unless either Party gives notice of non-renewal at least thirty (30) days before the expiration of the Initial Term or the then-current Renewal Term. The term of any recurring Services added to the Account after the initial Order is submitted will start on the Start Date of the subsequent Order, will run coterminously with the then-current term of any pre-existing Services, and will be billed on the same billing cycles as the pre-existing Services.

3. Invoicing and Payment

A. Prices and Charges

All prices are identified in US dollars on the website or Administrative Portal. Additional charges may result if Customer activates additional features, exceeds usage thresholds, or purchases additional Services or equipment. Customer will be liable for all charges resulting from use of the Services on its Account.

Recurring charges for the Services begin on the Start Date, and will continue for the Term. Recurring charges (such as charges for Digital Lines, product licenses, minute bundles, and equipment rental fees) will, once incurred, remain in effect for the Initial Term (as described in an Order Form) or the then-current Renewal Term. RingCentral will provide notice of any proposed increase in such charges no later than thirty (30) days before the end of the Initial Term or then-current Renewal Term, and any such increase will be effective on the first day of the next Renewal Term. Administrative Fees that RingCentral is entitled to pass on to its customers as a surcharge pursuant to applicable Law may be increased on thirty (30) days’ written notice.

Outbound calling rates will be applied based on the rate in effect at the time of use. Customer may locate the currently effective rates in the Administrative Portal.

B. Billing and Payment

All Services and equipment must be purchased via valid credit or debit card at the time of purchase. By providing a valid credit or debit card, Customer is expressly authorizing all Services and equipment charges and fees to be charged to such payment card, including recurring payments billed on a monthly or annual basis. In addition, Customer’s supplied credit card shall be used for any in-month purchases of additional services and products, or where Customer has exceeded usage or threshold limits, or any overage charges. Recurring charges are billed in advance in the frequency set forth in the Order Form, and usage-based and one-time charges are billed monthly in arrears. Credit and debit card payments are subject to the approval of the card issuer, and RingCentral will not be liable in any way if a card issuer refuses to accept a credit or debit card for any reason. Customer is responsible for any credit card chargeback or similar fees for refused or rejected payments that RingCentral is entitled to charge under this Agreement. If the payment card associated with Customer’s Account is declined or fails for any reason, RingCentral will send Customer a notice using the contact information associated with Customer’s Account. RingCentral may continue to attempt charging Customer’s payment card for outstanding charges and additional fees along with any other rights and remedies available to RingCentral under this Agreement, at law or in equity.

Unless otherwise stated at the time of purchase or on the invoice, payment is due in full, without deduction or set-off, within thirty (30) days of the date on the invoice. Any payment not made when due will be subject to a late payment fee equivalent to the lesser of (i) one and a half percent (1.5%) per month; or (ii) the highest rate allowed by Law. RingCentral’s acceptance of late or partial payments (regardless of how they are marked or designated (including without limitation as ‘Paid in Full’, ‘Accord and Satisfaction’, or similarly)) will not waive, limit, or prejudice in any way RingCentral’s rights to collect any amount due. RingCentral may terminate the Services and this Agreement for non-payment if any fees or charges are not paid within thirty (30) days of the due date.

C. Taxes

All rates, fees, and charges are exclusive of applicable Taxes, for which Customer is solely responsible. Taxes may vary based on jurisdiction and the Services provided. Taxes, access fees, universal service or other recovery fees, or similar charges will be adjusted on the date in which those increases become effective as mandated by competent authority. If any withholding tax is levied on the payments, then Customer must increase the sums paid to RingCentral so that the amount received by RingCentral after the withholding tax is deducted is the full amount RingCentral would have received if no withholding or deduction had been made.

D. Billing Disputes

If a Customer reasonably and in good faith disputes any portion of RingCentral’s charges, it must provide written notice to RingCentral within thirty (30) days of the invoice date, identifying the reason for the dispute and the amount being disputed. Customer’s dispute as to any portion of the invoice will not excuse Customer’s obligation to timely pay the undisputed portion of the invoice. Upon resolution, Customer must pay any unpaid amounts within thirty (30) days. Any amounts that are found to be in error resulting in an overpayment by the Customer will be applied as a billing credit against future charges. Customer will be reimbursed any outstanding billing credits at the expiration or termination of this Agreement.

4. Provision of the Service

A. General Terms

RingCentral will provide the Services as described in the relevant Service Attachment. RingCentral may enhance, replace, and/or change the features of the Services, but it will not materially reduce the core features, functions, or security of the Services during the Term without Customer’s consent.

B. Customer Care

  • a) Customer must provide all first-tier support to Customer’s End Users. RingCentral may require Customer’s Helpdesk support personnel to complete a series of training courses on RingCentral’s Services. Such training will be provided online by RingCentral at no cost.
  • b) RingCentral will make second-tier remote support available to Customer’s Helpdesk personnel and/or Account Administrators via the RingCentral Customer Care Center, which will be available 24/7, to attempt to resolve technical issues with, and answer questions regarding the use of the Services. Onsite and implementation services are not included in the RingCentral Customer Care support.
  • c) Customer may open a case with RingCentral Customer Care at https://support.ringcentral.com/contact-support.html. Any individual contacting Customer Care on behalf of Customer must be authorized to do so on behalf of the Account and will be required to follow RingCentral’s authentication protocol.

C. Advanced Support.

Customer may purchase Advanced Support services from RingCentral for use with the Services. The terms and conditions that govern the Advanced Support can be found at: https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/enterprise-service-attachment.html. These terms do not apply to Advanced Support Express, Enhanced, and Elite for RingEX and Contact Center which are further described under Section 2.C (Addon-on Services) above.

D. Managed Services.

Customer may purchase Managed Services from RingCentral for use with the Services. The terms and conditions that govern the Managed Services can be found at: https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/managed-services-attachment.html.

E. Subcontracting.

RingCentral may provide any of the Services hereunder through any of its Affiliates or subcontractors, provided that RingCentral will bear the same degree of responsibility for acts and omissions for those subcontractors acting on RingCentral’s behalf in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement as it would bear if such acts and omissions were performed by RingCentral directly.

5. Use of the Service

A. Service Requirements

The Services are dependent upon Customer’s maintenance of sufficient Internet access, networks and power as set forth in RingCentral’s Technical Sufficiency Criteria, available at https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/policies/technical-sufficiency-criteria.html. RingCentral will not be responsible for any deficiencies in the provision of the Services if Customer’s network does not meet RingCentral’s Technical Sufficiency Criteria.

B. Use Policies

Customer and its End Users may use the Services only in compliance with this Agreement, applicable Law, and the Use Policies referenced below, which are incorporated into and form part of this Agreement. Customer may not use, or permit the use of the Services to interfere with the use of RingCentral’s Services by others, or with the operation of the RingCentral Network. Customer may not resell the Services. Customer must ensure that its End Users comply with the Use Policies. Any breach of this Section 5B (Use Policies) will be deemed a material breach of this Agreement.

RingCentral may update the Use Policies from time to time and will provide notice to Customer at the email address on file with the Account. Such updates will become effective thirty (30) days after such notice to Customer.

  • i. Acceptable Use PolicyThe Services must be used in accordance with RingCentral’s Acceptable Use Policy, available at https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/acceptable-use-policy.html.Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, RingCentral may act immediately and without notice to suspend or limit the Services if RingCentral reasonably suspects fraudulent or illegal activity in the Customer’s Account, material breach of the Acceptable Use Policy, or use of the Services that could interfere with the functioning of the RingCentral Network, provided such suspension or limitation may only be to the extent reasonably necessary to protect against the applicable condition, activity, or use. RingCentral will promptly remove the suspension or limitation as soon as the condition, activity or use is resolved and mitigated in full. If Customer anticipates legitimate but unusual activity on its Account, Customer should contact RingCentral Support in advance to avoid any Service disruption.
  • ii. Emergency ServicesRingCentral’s policy governing the provision of emergency services accessed via the Services is available at https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/emergency-services.html.
  • iii. Numbering PolicyThe provision, use, and publication of numbers used in conjunction with the Services are governed by RingCentral’s Numbering Policy, available at https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/policies/numbering-policy.html.

6. Termination

A. Termination for Cause

Either Party may terminate this Agreement and any Services purchased hereunder in whole or part by giving written notice to the other Party if the other Party: i) breaches any material term of this Agreement and fails to cure such breach within thirty (30) days after receipt of such notice; ii) at the written recommendation of a government or regulatory agency following a change in either applicable Law or the Services; or iii) to the extent permitted by law upon the commencement by or against the other Party of insolvency, receivership or bankruptcy proceedings or any other proceedings or an assignment for the benefit of creditors.

B. Effect of Termination

  • a) If Customer terminates the Services, a portion of the Services, or this Agreement in its entirety due to RingCentral’s material breach under Section 6(A) (Termination for Cause), Customer will not be liable for any fees or charges for terminated Services for any period subsequent to the effective date of such termination (except those arising from continued usage before the Services are disconnected), and RingCentral will provide Customer a pro-rata refund of all any prepaid and unused fees or charges paid by Customer for terminated Services.
  • b) If this Agreement or any Services are terminated for any reason other than as a result of a material breach by RingCentral or as set forth in Section 14(K) (Regulatory and Legal Changes) the Customer must, to the extent permitted by applicable Law and without limiting any other right or remedy of RingCentral, pay within thirty (30) days of such termination all amounts that have accrued prior to such termination, as well as all sums remaining unpaid for the Services for the remainder of the then-current Term plus related Taxes and fees.

7. Intellectual Property

A. Limited License

  • 1. Subject to, and conditional upon Customer’s compliance with, the terms of this Agreement, RingCentral grants to Customer and its End User, a limited, personal, revocable, non-exclusive, non-transferable (other than as permitted under this Agreement), non-sublicensable license to use any software provided or made available by RingCentral to the Customer as part of the Services (“Software”) to the extent reasonably required to use the Services as permitted by this Agreement, only for the duration that Customer is entitled to use the Services and subject to the Customer being current on its payment obligations.
  • 2. Customer will not, and will not allow its End Users to:
    • a) Sublicense, resell, distribute or assign its right under the license granted under this Agreement to any other person or entity;
    • b) modify, adapt or create derivative works of the Software or any associated documentation;
    • c) reverse engineer, decompile, decrypt, disassemble or otherwise attempt to derive the source code for the Software;
    • d) use the Software for infringement analysis, benchmarking, or for any purpose other than as necessary to use the Services Customer is authorized to use;
    • e) create any competing Software or Services; or
    • f) remove any copyright or other proprietary or confidential notices on any Software or Services.

B. IP Rights

  • i. RingCentral’s RightsExcept as expressly provided in this Agreement, the limited license granted to Customer under Section 7(A) (Limited License) does not convey any ownership or other rights or licenses, express or implied, in the Services, any related materials, or in any Intellectual Property and no IP Rights or other rights or licenses are granted, transferred, or assigned to Customer, any End User, or any other party by implication, estoppel, or otherwise. All rights not expressly granted herein are reserved and retained by RingCentral and its licensors. The Software and Services may comprise or incorporate services, software, technology or products developed or provided by third parties, including open source software or code. Customer acknowledges that misuse of RingCentral Services may violate third-party IP Rights.
  • ii. Customer RightsAs between RingCentral and Customer, Customer retains title to all IP Rights that are owned by the Customer or its suppliers. To the extent reasonably required or desirable for the provision of the Services, Customer grants to RingCentral a limited, personal, non-exclusive, royalty-free, license to use Customer’s IP Rights in the same. Customer must provide (and is solely responsible for providing) all required notices and obtaining all licenses, consents, authorizations or other approvals related to the use, reproduction, transmission, or receipt of any Customer Content that includes personal or Confidential Information or incorporates any third-party IP rights.

C. Use of Marks

Neither Party may use or display the other Party’s trademarks, service mark or logos in any manner without such Party’s prior written consent.

8. Confidentiality

A. Restrictions on Use or Disclosures by Either Party

During the Term of this Agreement and for at least one (1) year thereafter, the Receiving Party shall hold the Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information in confidence, shall use such Confidential Information only for the purpose of fulfilling its obligations under this Agreement, and shall use at least as great a standard of care in protecting the Confidential Information as it uses to protect its own Confidential Information.

Each Party may disclose Confidential Information only to those of its employees, agents or subcontractors who have a need to it in order to perform or exercise such Party’s rights or obligations under this Agreement and who are required to protect it against unauthorized disclosure in a manner no less protective than required under this Agreement. Each Party may disclose the other Party’s Confidential Information in any legal proceeding or to a governmental entity as required by Law.

These restrictions on the use or disclosure of Confidential Information do not apply to any information which is independently developed by the Receiving Party or lawfully received free of restriction from another source having the right to so furnish such information; after it has become generally available to the public without breach of this Agreement by the Receiving Party; which at the time of disclosure was already known to the Receiving Party, without restriction as evidenced by documentation in such Party’s possession; or which the Disclosing Party confirms in writing is free of such restrictions.

Upon termination of this Agreement, the Receiving Party will promptly delete, destroy or, at the Disclosing Party’s request, return to the Disclosing Party, all Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information in its possession, including deleting or rendering unusable all electronic files and data that contain Confidential Information, and upon request will provide the Disclosing Party with certification of compliance with this subsection.

9. Data Protection

A. Data Privacy

RingCentral respects Customer’s privacy and will only use the information provided by Customer to RingCentral or collected in the provision of the Services in accordance with: the RingCentral Data Processing Addendum available at https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/dpa.html which is hereby incorporated by reference. RingCentral may update the RingCentral Data Processing Addendum from time to time and will provide notice of any material updates to the Customer as required by applicable Laws at the email address on file with the Account. Such updates will be effective thirty (30) days after such notice to Customer.

B. Data Security

RingCentral will take commercially reasonable precautions, including, without limitation, technical (e.g., firewalls and data encryption), administrative and physical measures, to help safeguard Customer’s Account, Account Data, and Customer Content against unauthorized use, disclosure, or modification.

Customer must protect all End Points using industry-standard security measures. Customer is solely responsible to keep all user identifications and passwords secure. Customer must monitor use of the Services for possible unlawful or fraudulent use. Customer must notify RingCentral immediately if Customer becomes aware or has reason to believe that the Services are being used fraudulently or without authorization by any End User or third party. Failure to notify RingCentral may result in the suspension or termination of the Services and additional charges to Customer resulting from such use. RingCentral will not be liable for any charges resulting from unauthorized use of Customer’s Account.

C. Software Changes

RingCentral may from time to time push software updates and patches directly to Customer’s device(s) for installation and Customer will not prevent RingCentral from doing so. Customer must implement promptly all fixes, updates, upgrades and replacements of software and third-party software that may be provided by RingCentral. RingCentral will not be liable for inoperability of the Services or any other Services failures due to failure of Customer to timely implement the required changes.

10. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

A. Excluded Damages

TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL EITHER PARTY OR ITS AFFILIATES BE LIABLE FOR (1) INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY, REPUTATIONAL, SPECIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES OF ANY KIND; (2) COSTS OF PROCUREMENT, COVER, OR SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; (3) LOSS OF USE, LOSS OR CORRUPTION OF DATA; OR (4) LOSS OF BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES, PROFITS, GOODWILL, OR SAVINGS, WHETHER IN ANY OF THE FOREGOING, ARISING UNDER CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR STRICT LIABILITY), OR ANY OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY, EVEN IF SUCH PARTY HAS BEEN INFORMED IN ADVANCE OF SUCH DAMAGES OR SUCH DAMAGES COULD HAVE BEEN REASONABLY FORESEEN. NEITHER PARTY WILL BE LIABLE FOR ACTIONS REASONABLY TAKEN TO COMPLY WITH LAW.

B. Direct Damages

EXCEPT AS SET FORTH HEREIN, THE TOTAL CUMULATIVE LIABILITY OF THE PARTIES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT EXCEED THE AMOUNTS PAID OR PAYABLE UNDER THIS AGREEMENT DURING THE PREVIOUS SIX (6) MONTHS. LIMITATIONS UNDER THIS SECTION 10(B) (DIRECT DAMAGES) WILL NOT APPLY TO: I) CUSTOMER PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS; II) EITHER PARTY’S LIABILITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF THE OTHER PARTY’S IP RIGHTS; III) EITHER PARTY’S LIABILITY RESULTING FROM GROSS NEGLIGENCE, FRAUD, OR WILLFUL OR CRIMINAL MISCONDUCT; OR IV) CUSTOMER’S LIABILITY RESULTING FROM USE OF THE SERVICES IN BREACH OF THE ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY OR EMERGENCY SERVICES POLICY.

NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT SHALL LIMIT OR EXCLUDE ANY LIABILITY WHICH MAY NOT BE RESTRICTED, LIMITED OR EXCLUDED PURSUANT TO APPLICABLE LAW.

C. Survival

The limitations of liability contained in this Section 10 (Limitation of Liability) will survive termination or expiration of this Agreement and apply in any and all circumstances (except as expressly set forth above), including without limitation in the event of any failure of the essential purpose of any limited warranty or available remedy provided herein.

11. Indemnification

A. Indemnification Obligations

Customer agrees to indemnify and defend RingCentral and its Affiliates at Customer’s expense, from and against any and all third-party claims, arising out of or in connection with: i) material violation of applicable Law by the Customer or its End Users in connection with the use of the Services; ii) use of the Services in a manner not authorized by this Agreement; iii) failure to promptly install any updates of any software or firmware or accept or use modified or replacement items provided by or on behalf of RingCentral, or iv) claims relating to Customer Content. Further, Customer will indemnify and hold harmless RingCentral against all damages, costs, and legal fees finally awarded against RingCentral by a court of competent jurisdiction in connection with such third-party claim or agreed to in a written settlement agreement approved in writing by the Customer.

B. Defense and Indemnification Procedures

Any Party seeking defense or indemnification (the “Indemnified Party”) must provide the Party from which it seeks such indemnification or defense (the “Indemnifying Party”) with the following: (a) prompt written notice of the third-party claim, (b) sole control over the defense and settlement of the third-party claim, and (c) reasonable information, cooperation, and assistance in connection with the defense and settlement of the third-party claim. The Indemnified Party’s failure to comply with the foregoing obligations will not relieve the Indemnifying Party of its defense or indemnification obligations under this Section (Indemnification), except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party is prejudiced by such failure. The Indemnified Party will have the right to participate at its own expense in the defense of such third-party claim, including any related settlement negotiations. No such claim may be settled or compromised by the Indemnifying Party without the Indemnified Party’s express written consent (which such consent may not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed), unless such settlement or compromise includes a full and complete release of all claims and actions against the Indemnified Party by each party bringing such third-party claim.

12. Warranties

A. RingCentral Warranty

RingCentral will provide the Services using a commercially reasonable level of skill and care, in material compliance with all applicable Laws and otherwise subject to the terms of this Agreement. To the extent permitted by Law, RingCentral shall pass through to Customer any and all warranties RingCentral receives in connection with equipment provided to Customer.

B. Customer Warranty

Customer’s and its End Users’ use of the Services must at all times comply with all applicable Laws and this Agreement.

C. Disclaimer of Warranties

EXCEPT AS SPECIFICALLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT AND TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, THE SERVICES ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE,” AND RINGCENTRAL MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT, QUIET ENJOYMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND ANY WARRANTIES ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING OR USAGE IN TRADE, TOGETHER WITH SIMILAR WARRANTIES, WHETHER ARISING UNDER ANY LAW OR OTHERWISE. TO THE EXTENT THAT RINGCENTRAL CANNOT DISCLAIM ANY SUCH WARRANTY AS A MATTER OF APPLICABLE LAW, THE SCOPE AND DURATION OF SUCH WILL BE LIMITED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW.

13. Dispute Resolution

A. Good Faith Attempt to Settle Disputes

In the event of any dispute or claim arising out of or relating to the Agreement (a “Dispute”), each Party will appoint a duly authorized representative which will confer with the other Party before either Party brings legal action, to make a reasonable and good faith effort to settle or otherwise resolve such Dispute.

B. Venue

In the event that the Parties are unable to resolve a Dispute, any related action, lawsuit, or proceeding must be brought in and adjudicated exclusively by state or federal courts located in the city and county of San Francisco, California, United States of America. Each Party hereby consents to and agrees to submit to the exclusive venue and personal jurisdiction of such courts with respect to any such actions or lawsuits and irrevocably waives any right that it might have to assert that either forum is not convenient or that any such courts lack jurisdiction.

C. Equitable Relief

Any breach of either Party’s IP Rights will cause that Party irreparable harm for which monetary damages will be inadequate and such Party may, in addition to other remedies available at Law or in equity, obtain injunctive relief without the necessity of posting a bond or other security, proof of damages, or similar requirement, in additional to any other relief to which such Party may be entitled under applicable Law.

D. Limitations

Except for actions for non-payment or liability arising from Section 11 (Indemnification), no claim, suit, action or proceeding relating to this Agreement may be brought by either Party more than two (2) years after the cause of action has accrued. Any actions, lawsuits, or proceedings must be conducted solely on an individual basis and the Parties expressly waive any right to bring any action, lawsuit or proceeding as a class or collective action, private attorney general action or in any other capacity acting in a representative capacity.

14. Miscellaneous

A. Relationship of the Parties

RingCentral and Customer are independent contractors and this Agreement will not establish any relationship of partnership, joint venture, employment, franchise or agency between RingCentral and Customer.

B. Assignment

Neither Party may assign the Agreement or any portion thereof without the other Party’s prior written consent (which such consent may not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), however either Party may assign the Agreement and all of that Party’s rights and obligations thereunder without consent (a) to an Affiliate; (b) to the Party’s successor or surviving entity in connection with a merger, acquisition, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of its assets used in connection with the provision of Services under this Agreement; or (c) as part of the transfer or disposition of more than fifty percent (50%) of a Party’s voting control or assets. This Agreement will bind and inure to the benefit of the Parties, and their permitted assigns and successors.

C. Notices

Except where otherwise expressly stated in the Agreement, all notices or other communications must be in English and are deemed to have been fully given when made in writing and delivered in person, upon delivered email or five days after deposit with a reputable overnight courier service, and addressed as follows:

to RingCentral at RingCentral, Inc.,

Legal Dept., 20 Davis Drive,

Belmont, CA 94002 USA,

with a copy to legal@ringcentral.com, and to Customer at either the physical address or email address associated with the Customer Account. Customer acknowledges and agrees that all electronic notices have the full force and effect of paper notices.

The addresses to which notices may be given by either Party may be changed upon written notice given to the other Party pursuant to this Section 14C (Notices) or by Customer in the Administrative Portal.

D. Force Majeure

Excluding either Party’s payment obligations under the Agreement, neither Party will be responsible or liable for any failure to perform or delay in performing to the extent resulting from a Force Majeure Event. The suspension of obligations under this Section 14D (Force Majeure) may under no circumstances be a cause of liability for failure to perform the obligation in question, nor induce the payment of damages or penalties for late payment.

E. Third-Party Beneficiaries

RingCentral and Customer agree that there will be no third-party beneficiaries to this Agreement.

F. Internal Customer Activities

RingCentral does not have any obligation to assist in or otherwise mediate in the event of any dispute between Customer representatives or Customer and any third party with respect to ownership or control of any Account or Account Data. All information within RingCentral’s records regarding the ownership or control of an Account or Account Data, Services ordered, and numbers assigned to an Account will be definitive and controlling for purposes of administering the Account. In the event of any such dispute, RingCentral may take any course of action that it deems appropriate based on the information available, which include declining to take any course of action.

RingCentral may access your Account and related data as required to provide the Services. However, RingCentral has no obligation to access your Account, Account Data or any Customer Content for any other purposes. Services do not include or consist of any investigation, review, verification, production, compilation, modification, or other similar services for any Account Data or Customer Content. Services do not include the provision of any legal, accounting or other professional services.

G. Headings, Interpretation

The headings, section titles, and captions used in the Agreement are for convenience of reference only and will have no legal effect. All defined terms include related grammatical forms, and, whenever the context may require, the singular form of nouns and pronouns include the plural, and vice versa. The Parties agree that this Agreement will be deemed to have been jointly and equally drafted by them, and that the provisions of this Agreement therefore should not be construed against a Party or Parties on the grounds that the Party or Parties drafted or was more responsible for drafting the provision(s).

H. Governing Law

The Agreement is governed by the Laws of the State of California, excluding its choice of Law rules. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods does not apply to this Agreement or Customer’s use of the products or Services.

I. Anti-Bribery

Each Party represents that in the execution of this Agreement and in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement it has complied and will comply with all applicable anti-bribery Laws and regulations, including, without limitation, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and similar applicable Laws.

J. Export Control

Any services, products, software, and technical information (including, but not limited to, services and training) provided pursuant to the Agreement may be subject to U.S. export Laws and regulations. Customer will not use distribute, transfer, or transmit the services, products, software, or technical information (even if incorporated into other products) except in compliance with U.S. and other applicable export regulations.

K. Regulatory and Legal Changes

In the event of any change in Law, regulation or industry change that would prohibit or otherwise materially interfere with RingCentral’s ability to provide Services under this Agreement, RingCentral may terminate the affected Services or this Agreement or otherwise modify the terms thereof.

L. Entire Agreement

The Agreement, together with any exhibits, Orders, and Service Attachments, each of which is expressly incorporated into this Agreement with this reference, constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties and supersedes and replaces any and all prior or contemporaneous understandings, proposals, representations, marketing materials, statements, or agreements, whether oral, written, or otherwise, regarding such subject.

M. Order of Precedence

In the event of any conflict between the documents comprising this Agreement, precedence will be given to the documents in the following descending order: (i) the applicable Order Form (and hyperlink therein); (ii) the applicable Service Attachments; (iii) the main body of this Agreement; (iv) Use Policies and Data Processing Addendum; and (v) and any other document expressly referred to in this Agreement which governs the Services. However, with respect to data processing, the Data Processing Addendum shall take precedence over any inconsistent terms in any of the documents listed in the previous sentence.

N. Amendments

Except as otherwise provided, this Agreement may only be modified by a written amendment (provided electronically or otherwise) executed by authorized representatives of both Parties. In no event will handwritten changes to any terms or conditions, including in the applicable Order, be effective. Notwithstanding the foregoing, RingCentral may update this Agreement or any of its Equipment, Use Policies and Data Privacy Policies from time to time and will provide notice to Customer at the email address on file with the Account. Such updates will become effective thirty (30) days after such notice to Customer. In the event that any such update would be of material detriment to Customer and is not required by Law, Customer must inform RingCentral of its objection within ten (10) days of receiving the notice provided under this provision. If the Parties, negotiating in good faith cannot reach agreement within thirty (30) days, either Party may terminate the portion of the Services affected by the change without penalty by written notice to the other Party. Any use of the Services after the effective date will be deemed Customer’s acceptance of the change.

O. Severability and Waiver

In the event any provision of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void or unenforceable, such provision(s) will be stricken and the remainder of this Agreement will remain legal, valid and binding. The failure by either Party to exercise or enforce any right conferred by this Agreement will not be deemed to be a waiver of any such right or to operate so as to bar the exercise or enforcement of any such or other right on any later occasion. Except as otherwise expressly stated in this Agreement, all rights and remedies stated in the Agreement are cumulative and in addition to any other rights and remedies available under the Agreement, at Law, or in equity.

P. Publicity

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, RingCentral may identify Customer as a customer (including use of any Customer logo or trademark) and may refer to this Agreement during its earnings calls and in connection with its business deals, press releases, and marketing and/or promotional materials.

Q. Execution

Each Party represents and warrants that: (a) it possesses the legal right and capacity to enter into the Agreement and to perform all of its obligations thereunder; (b) the individual executing an Electronic Signature regarding the Agreement on that Party’s behalf has full power and authority to execute and deliver the same; and (c) the Agreement will be a binding obligation of that Party.

R. Electronic Signature and Counterparts

This Agreement may be executed electronically and in separate counterparts each of which when taken together will constitute one in the same original. Each Party agrees that an Electronic Signature, whether digital or encrypted, is intended to authenticate this Agreement and to have the same force and effect as manual signatures.

S. Survival

The rights and obligations of either Party that by their nature would continue beyond the expiration or termination of this Agreement or an Order will survive expiration or termination of this Agreement or the Order, including without limitation payment obligations, warranty disclaimers, indemnities, limitations of liability, definitions and miscellaneous.

Attachment A – Definitions

Definitions. Capitalized terms used in this Agreement but otherwise not defined have the following meaning:

  • 1. “Account” means the numbered account established with RingCentral and associated with Customer and the Services provided to Customer under this Agreement. For billing and convenience purposes, multiple services, Digital Lines, or End Users may be included in a single billing account, and/or a single Customer may have multiple billing accounts encompassing different geographic locations, business units, or other designations as requested by Customer and accepted by RingCentral.
  • 2. “Account Administrator” means the person(s) who have been granted authority by Customer to set up, amend, or otherwise control settings and/or make additional purchases for the Account via the Administrative Portal. Account Administrators may have varying levels of Account rights, skills, or permissions.
  • 3. “Account Data” means: any business contact information provided with the Account; RingCentral-generated logs of calling or other metadata developed or collected in the provision of the Services; configuration data; and records of Digital Lines and any Services purchased under this Agreement.
  • 4. “Administrative Fees” means any administrative recovery fees, 911 cost recovery fees and the like separately charged by RingCentral to Customer.
  • 5. “Administrative Portal” means the online administrative portal through which Account Administrators control settings and/or make additional purchases for the Account.
  • 6. “Affiliate(s)” means a person or entity that is controlled by a Party hereto, controls a Party hereto, or is under common control with a Party hereto, and “control” means beneficial ownership of greater than fifty percent (50%) of an entity’s then-outstanding voting securities or ownership interests.
  • 7. “Confidential Information” means any information disclosed by or on behalf of the Disclosing Party) to the Receiving Party that should reasonably be considered as confidential given the nature of the information and the circumstances surrounding its disclosure.
  • 8. “Customer Content” means the content of calls, facsimiles, SMS messages, voicemails, voice recordings, shared files, conferences or other communications transmitted or stored through the Services.
  • 9. “Digital Line” means a phone number assigned to an End User or a specifically designated location (e.g., conference room) and the associated voice service for inbound and outbound calling that permits an End User generally to make and receive calls to and from the public switched telephone network as well as to and from other extensions within the same Account.
  • 10. “Disclosing Party” means the Party disclosing Confidential Information or on whose behalf Confidential Information is disclosed by such Party’s agents, including but not limited to, its Affiliates, officers, directors, employees and attorneys.
  • 11. “Dispute” has the meaning set forth in Section 13(A) (Good Faith Attempt to Settle Disputes).
  • 12. “Effective Date” means the date of execution of the initial Order.
  • 13. “Electronic Signature” means an electronic sound, symbol, or process, including clicking a digital button to accept, attached to or logically associated with a contract or other record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record.
  • 14. “End Point” means an application or device through which any End-User might access and/or use any of the Services, including without limitation IP Desk Phones, Desktop Clients, Web Clients, Mobile Applications, and Software Integrations.
  • 15. “End User” means an individual user to whom Customer makes the Services available, and may be a natural person, and may include but is not limited to Customer’s employees, consultants, clients, external users, invitees, contractors and agents.
  • 16. “Force Majeure Event” means any event or circumstance that are beyond that Party’s control, which are considered without limitation as force majeure: any act of God; national emergency; third-party telecommunications networks; riot; war; terrorism; governmental act or direction; change in Laws; fiber, cable, or wire cut; Sub-processor failure; power outage or reduction; rebellion; revolution; insurrection; earthquake; storm; hurricane; flood, fire, or other natural disaster; strike or labor disturbance; or other cause, whether similar or dissimilar to the foregoing, not resulting from the actions or inactions of such Party.
  • 17. “Helpdesk” means first-tier support provided to End Users by Customer.
  • 18. “Indemnifying Party” and “Indemnified Party” have the meanings set forth in Section 11(B) (Defense and Indemnification Procedures).
  • 19. “Initial Term” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(E) (Services Term and Automatic Renewal).
  • 20. “Intellectual Property Rights” or “IP Rights” means all common law and statutory rights (whether registered or unregistered, or recorded or unrecorded, regardless of method) arising out of or associated with: (a) patents and patent applications, inventions, industrial designs, discoveries, business methods, and processes; (b) copyrights and copyright registrations, and “moral” rights; (c) the protection of trade and industrial secrets and Confidential Information; (d) other proprietary rights relating to intangible property; (e) trademarks, trade names and service marks; (f) a person’s name, likeness, voice, photograph or signature, including without limitation rights of personality, privacy, and publicity; (g) analogous rights to those set forth above; and (h) divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, renewals, reissuances and extensions of the foregoing (as applicable).
  • 21. “Law” means any law, statute, regulation, rule, ordinance, administrative guidance, treaty or convention, or court or administrative order or ruling of any governing Federal, State, local or non-U.S. governmental body with jurisdiction over the Services.
  • 22. “Order(s)” or “Order Form(s)” means a request or order for Services describing the type and quantity of Services required by Customer and submitted and accepted by the Parties in accordance with Section 2(A) (Ordering Services). The Order may be presented and executed on the RingCentral website or via the Administrative Portal.
  • 23. “Receiving Party” means the Party or its agents, including, but not limited to its Affiliates, officers, directors, employees and attorneys receiving Confidential Information.
  • 24. “Renewal Term” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(E) (Services Term).
  • 25. “RingCentral Customer Care” means RingCentral’s Customer support operations, available at https://support.ringcentral.com/contact-support.html.
  • 26. “RingCentral Network” means the network and supporting facilities between and among the RingCentral points of presence (“PoP(s)”), up to and including the interconnection point between the RingCentral’s network and facilities, and the public Internet, private IP networks, and the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). The RingCentral Network does not include the public Internet, a Customer’s own private network, or the PSTN.
  • 27. “Service(s)” means all services provided under this Agreement and set forth in one or more Order(s).
  • 28. “Service Attachment” means documents appended to the Agreement containing additional terms for equipment and Services.
  • 29. “Start Date” means the date so identified in the relevant Order or the date on which Customer orders Services via the website or the Administrative Portal.
  • 30. “Taxes” means any and all federal, state, local, municipal, foreign and other taxes and fees charged or collected from Customers, including but not limited to any Universal Service Fund, TRS and 911 taxes and fees.
  • 31. “Term” means the Initial Term plus any Renewal Terms.
  • 32. “Use Policy” refers to any of the policies identified in Section 5B (Use Policies).

RINGCENTRAL PRIVACY NOTICE

New updates on May, 2025:

Google Workspace APIs are not used to develop, improve, or train generalized AI and/or ML models.

The updated RingCentral Privacy Notice goes into effect on March 11, 2024.
New page content:

RingCentral, Inc. and its worldwide affiliates and subsidiaries (collectively “RingCentral”“us”“we”“our”) are committed to protecting your privacy while providing you with a positive experience on our website and in using our products and services. This Privacy Notice (“Notice”) explains our privacy practices and provides information on how and why we collect, use and share your personal information through our interaction with you in relation to our products and services, when you visit our websites, and associated sub-domains (“Website“), when you use our desktop, IP desk phone, mobile applications, our integrated business apps or our lab solutions (“Apps“) or when you use our cloud communications and collaboration solutions (“Services“). The Notice also describes choices that may be available to you regarding use, access, deletion and correction of your personal information. Additional information on our personal information practices may be provided in supplemental terms and conditions, supplemental privacy statements, or notices provided prior to or at the time of data collection.QUICK LINKS
We recommend that you read this Notice in full to ensure you are fully informed. However, if you only want to access a particular section of this Notice, then you can click on the relevant link below to jump to that section. 

HOW WE COLLECT YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION

  • We collect your personal information when you actively provide it to us through your interactions with us. 
  • We may automatically collect personal information from you as you use our Apps and Services, or visit our Websites as a user or a participant, including recording communications, when enabled.
  • We may receive personal information about you from a business or commercial partner or another user of our Apps and Services.
  • We may infer or derive personal information based on other information we collect, such as with Service features that provide conversational intelligence.

WHAT PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT
 
Personal Information you actively provide to us or we collect from third parties, business partners, other users, and service providers Your Contact Information/Identifiers:  

  • Name, username, email address, phone number, identity documents, IP address, and any other identifiers a user provides when accessing or using the Service.

 Your payment information: 

  • Billing name, address, and credit card or other payment information.

 Other information: 

  • Social media profiles, LinkedIn URLs and custom profiles.

Personal information we collect through your interactions with RingCentral, our Websites, Apps and Servicesas a user or a participant Account information:  

  • Account holders’ usernames and account numbers, RingCentral phone number, language preference, title, department. 

 Information about your use of non-RingCentral Services through integrations with our Websites, Apps and Services or otherwise: 

  • Social media account information, single-sign-on service tokens, Google/Apple/Microsoft sign in tokens.

 User content: 

  • Files, any content of communication or other information you or another user or participant upload, provide, grant access to or otherwise implement. 

    *Note that users and participants control the content that they provide, and it may include any category of personal information.

Service Usage Data:

  • Internet Protocol (“IP “) address, MAC address, other device ID (“UDID”), device type, operating system type and version, client version, type of camera, microphone or speakers, connection type and other related information.
  • User feedback ratings, internal feature usage analytics, usage logs, cookie identifiers.
  • Traffic data about the communications that take place through our platform (such as chat, video conferencing), network monitoring data.
  • Call Detail Records produced by a telephone call or other telecommunications transactions. The Call Detail Record contains various attributes of the call, such as time, duration, completion status, source number and destination number.
  • Fraud data such as blacklist history and security logs. 
  • Metadata such as session logs and join & leave time of participants.
  • Log data including IP address, Internet Service Provider (“ISP”), browser type, referring/exit pages, operating system, date/time stamp, and/or clickstream data.
  • Publicly available data from End User accounts.

Geolocation information: 

  • Information about where you are located when using the Services.

Recordings: 

  • A user hosting a phone or video conferencing meeting may choose to record the session, and if so, the host is responsible for obtaining any required consent from you. RingCentral helps hosts obtain consent from other users by providing visual and audio cues to alert users of a recording.
  • As with all user content, recordings may contain personal data and may be stored with RingCentral at the request of the meeting host. A meeting host may choose to store a recording of a meeting on the host’s local storage device, not with RingCentral. When a host chooses to do that, RingCentral does not have any control over the recording. Transcripts, which may also contain personal data, are treated the same way as recordings.
  • RingCentral may access or use the recording or transcripts stored with us as requested by the host or customer (such as providing technical support), to improve our Services, or as otherwise permitted by our agreement with the customer.

SMS messages

  • Content of blocked SMS messages that violate our spam rules.

 Inferred or derived data: 

  • Inferred or derived data may include a summary of information included in recorded content processed by conversational intelligence. Users and participants control the content they provide.

 Your communications with us: 

  • Surveys, calls (including recordings), emails and messages, etc.

 Other information: 

  • Any personal information that a user or guest voluntarily provides about an individual through their use of the Services, including synchronizing contact information, or through integrations with other applications.

HOW WE USE YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATIONWe use your personal information for the following purposes: Communicate with you; Verify your identity to prevent fraud in compliance with applicable law; Create your account; Provide you with RingCentral Services including respond to your requests for support; Develop and improve the RingCentral Services; Manage your order and our customer relationship; Market and advertise our Services; Perform surveys; Provide internal training and ensure quality assurance; Improve and optimize your interactions with our teams; Connect you to and optimize your experience using our Website, Apps, and Services; Provide customers dashboards and reports; Conduct fraud and threat analysis and, detect and prevent spam or unlawful or abusive activity or other violations of ourAcceptable Use Policy (“AUP”); Monitor performance of our data centers and networks; Conduct analytics to improve RingCentral’s Website, App and Service performance; Personalize your experience with our Websites, Apps and Services; Comply with applicable law including those regulating call detail records; and Perform billing for our Services. We may use artificial intelligence, machine learning, or other similar technology to provide, maintain, support, and improve our Services. Lawful basis for processing personal information (EEA, Switzerland and UK only)When we collect personal information about you in connection with offering our Website, Apps or Services within the European Economic Area (EEA), Switzerland and the United Kingdom (UK), our lawful basis for collecting and using the personal information described above will depend on the personal information concerned and the specific context in which we collect it. We will normally collect personal information from you where we need the personal information to perform a contract with you (e.g., when you order a Service), or where the processing is in our legitimate interests and not overridden by your data protection interests or fundamental rights and freedoms (e.g., to market and provide our Services). In some cases, we may also have a legal obligation to collect and process the personal information in question (i.e. Service Usage Data) or we may process your personal information where we have your consent to do so. You may withdraw your consent at any time as instructed in the communications or in the Apps or Services, or you contact us as explained below.  Limited Use for APIsRingCentral’s use and transfer to any other app of information received from Google APIs will adhere to Google API Services User Data Policy, including the Limited Use requirements. COOKIES AND SIMILAR TECHNOLOGIES We use cookies and similar tracking technology (collectively, “Cookies”) to collect and use personal information about you. For further information about the types of Cookies we use, the functions they perform, and how you can control Cookies, please see our Cookie NoticeHOW, WHY, AND WHAT PERSONAL INFORMATION WE SHARE WITH THIRD PARTIES We may share and disclose your personal information (as identified in the section What Personal Information We Collect solely for legitimate business or legal purposes as described in this Notice and in accordance with applicable law, with the following third parties:

  • RingCentral or any of its worldwide affiliates. A list of our current group companies is available on our public filings
  • Business partners (e.g., resellers and other authorized third party agents) to market or sell our Services;
  • Service providers, contractors, vendors or agents who operate on our behalf to:
    • Operate, deliver, improve and customize our Websites, Apps, and Services;
    • Provide support and technical services;
    • Send marketing and other operational communications related to our Websites, Apps, and Services;
    • Enforce our acceptable use policy;
    • Conduct analytics in order to improve your experience using RingCentral Websites, Apps and Services; and 
    • Provide offers and advertisements to customers based on their interests and interactions with us.
  • Any third parties as part of, or in connection with, an actual or prospective corporate business transaction, such as a sale, merger, acquisition, joint venture, financing, corporate change, reorganization or insolvency, bankruptcy or receivership; 
  • Law enforcement agencies, regulatory or governmental bodies, or other third parties in order to respond to legal process, comply with any legal obligation; protect or defend our rights, interests or property or that of third parties; or prevent or investigate wrongdoing in connection with the Website, Apps or our Services; and/or
  • Other third parties with your consent.

HOW WE RESPECT YOUR PRIVACY RIGHTS We provide you with the opportunity to access, review, modify, and delete your personal information that we process. Requests from End Users regarding personal information we process on behalf of our Customers as a Data Processor In general, when processing the content of communications such as voicemails, faxes, recordings etc. in connection with our Services, we do so on behalf of our Customers and in accordance with their instructions as a data processor. This means that if you believe RingCentral may have collected or stored personal information about you on behalf of a RingCentral customer as a data processor or if you wish to access, review, modify or delete any content of your communications, under applicable law or otherwise, you should direct your request to that Customer. Your Additional Privacy Rights as an EEA/UK/Swiss Resident

  • Access: You can request more information about the personal information we hold about you. You can request to download a copy of the personal information. 
  • Rectification: If you believe that any personal information we are holding about you is incorrect or incomplete, you can request that we change, correct, or supplement the data. If you are a customer, you can also correct some of this information directly by logging into your Service account. Please contact us as soon as possible if you notice any inaccuracy or incompleteness.
  • Objection: You can let us know that you object to the collection or processing of your personal information for certain purposes.
  • Restriction of Processing: You can ask us to restrict further processing of your personal information. (This just means you can ask us to stop using it for the reasons we have been using it.) This may mean that we have to delete your account.
  • Erasure: You can request that we erase some or all of your personal information from our systems. You can also delete some of this information directly by logging into your Service account, if you are a customer.
  • Portability: You can ask for a downloadable copy of your personal information in a machine-readable format. You can also request that we transmit the data to someone else where it’s technically possible.
  • Withdrawal of Consent: If you have consented to our use of personal information for a specific purpose, you have the right to change your mind at any time. Any such decision will not affect any processing that has already occurred nor will it affect processing of your personal information conducted in reliance of lawful processing grounds other than consent. Withdrawing your consent may mean your access to the Services will be limited or suspended, and your accounts may be terminated, as applicable. Where you withdraw your consent, but we are using your information because we or a third party (e.g. your employer) have a legitimate interest in doing so, or we have different legal basis for using your information (for example, fulfilling a contract with you), we may continue to process your information, subject to your rights to access and control your information.
  • Right to File Complaint: You have the right to lodge a complaint about RingCentral’s practices with respect to your personal information with your supervisory authority (contact details available here: for the EU; for the UK; and for Switzerland).   
  • No Automated Decision Making: We do not undertake decision-making about you based solely on automated processing, including profiling; however, certain features of our Services could be used by our customers for decision-making purposes.

Your Additional Privacy Rights as a Resident of Certain U.S. states The rights described in this section apply only if you are a resident of a state within the United States that has an applicable and effective privacy law providing for the below rights.  

  • Data portability: You can ask for a downloadable copy of your personal information in a machine-readable format. You can also request that we transmit the data to someone else where it’s technically possible.
  • Knowledge and access: You may have the right to know more about personal information that we have collected and disclosed in the preceding 12 months. You may be able to access, receive details on collection, the purpose of processing, and any sharing that may have occurred.
  • Deletion: You have the right to request RingCentral to delete the personal information we have collected about you under certain circumstances.
  • Non-discrimination for the exercise of your privacy rights: You have the right to not receive discriminatory treatment by RingCentral for the exercise of your privacy rights. 
  • Rectification: If you believe that any personal information we are holding about you is incorrect or incomplete, you can request that we change, correct, or supplement the data. You can also correct some of this information directly by logging into your account, if you are a customer. Please contact us as soon as possible if you notice any inaccuracy or incompleteness.
  • Opt-out of selling or sharing your personal information: You have the right to request RingCentral to stop sharing your personal information for the purposes of cross-context behavioral advertising or targeted advertising. You may opt out of having your cookie identifiers used for this type of sharing by turning on the Global Privacy Control at the browser level. RingCentral does not sell your personal information as may be commonly understood. However, you may opt out of having your personal information shared with certain vendors that we use for providing insights about user interactions with our website and for delivering ads to you.
  • No Automated Decision Making: We do not undertake any decision making about you based solely on automated processing, including profiling; however, certain features of our Services could be used by our customers for decision-making purposes.

 We will not share your personal information with third parties for the third parties’ direct marketing purposes unless you have agreed to such disclosure. We will verify your request using your name and email. Depending on the nature of your request, we may need additional information to verify your identity. You may authorize an agent to make a request on your behalf to exercise your privacy rights under applicable California privacy laws. If you are a Colorado resident, you may have the right to appeal RingCentral’s denial of an individual rights request. To exercise your rights or to allow your authorized agent to exercise your rights, please submit, or have your authorized agent submit, a ticket through our Data subject access request portal, or contact our Privacy Team at privacy@ringcentral.com.  Unsubscribe from our mailing list You can manage your communication preferences through the following methods:

 These choices do not apply to service notifications or other required communications that are considered part of certain Apps and Services, which you may receive periodically unless you stop using or cancel the App or Service in accordance with its terms and conditions.  HOW WE KEEP YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION SECURED Keeping your information secure is important to us. We have taken appropriate steps designed to reduce the risk that your personal information may be subject to loss, misuse, unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration or destruction. For more information on RingCentral security measures, please visit the Security Trust Center.  HOW LONG WE RETAIN YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION We will retain your personal information for no longer than is necessary to fulfill the purposes for which the information was originally collected unless a longer retention period is required or permitted by law, for legal, tax or regulatory reasons, or other legitimate and lawful business purposes. Where we have no ongoing legitimate business need to process your personal information, we will either delete or anonymize it.  INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS Your personal information may be transferred to, and processed in, countries other than the country in which you are resident. Specifically, information collected in the European Economic Area (“EEA”) and the UK, may be transferred to and stored on our servers in the United States and Switzerland, and potentially in other countries where our group companies and third-party service providers and partners operate. These countries may have data protection laws that are different to the laws in your country (and in some cases, may not be as protective). Data Privacy Frameworks (EU-U.S. DPF, UK Extension, Swiss-U.S. DPF)
 
RingCentral Inc. complies with the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (EU-U.S. DPF), the UK Extension to the EU-U.S. DPF, and the Swiss-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (Swiss-U.S. DPF) as set forth by the U.S. Department of Commerce. RingCentral has certified to the U.S. Department of Commerce that it adheres to the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework Principles (EU-U.S. DPF Principles) with regard to the processing of personal data received from the European Union in reliance on the EU-U.S. DPF and from the United Kingdom (and Gibraltar) in reliance on the UK Extension to the EU-U.S. DPF.  RingCentral has certified to the U.S. Department of Commerce that it adheres to the Swiss-U.S. Data Privacy Framework Principles (Swiss-U.S. DPF Principles) with regard to the processing of personal data received from Switzerland in reliance on the Swiss-U.S. DPF. If there is any conflict between the terms in this privacy policy and the EU-U.S. DPF Principles and/or the Swiss-U.S. DPF Principles, the Principles shall govern. To learn more about the Data Privacy Framework (DPF) program, and to view our certification, please visit https://www.dataprivacyframework.gov/Data processed and purposes of data processing
 
Please see the relevant sections of this Notice, sections WHAT PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT  and HOW WE USE YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION, for information regarding the data categories processed by RingCentral as a controller on our own behalf and the purposes.
 As a processor to our customers, RingCentral processes personal data that customers choose to submit to the services as customer-generated content, call detail records, usage data, and account information. The purposes for such processing is the provision, maintenance, support, and improvement of the services.  Type of third parties to which RingCentral discloses personal data and purposes
 
Please see the relevant section of this Notice:  HOW, WHY, AND WHAT PERSONAL INFORMATION WE SHARE WITH THIRD PARTIES for more information regarding the type of third parties to which RingCentral discloses personal data and for what purposes. Independent Recourse Mechanism 
 
If you have any questions, comments or concerns about this Notice, you may contact us at privacy@ringcentral.com. In compliance with the EU-U.S. DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-U.S. DPF and the Swiss-U.S. DPF, RingCentral commits to cooperate and comply respectively with the advice of the panel established by the EU data protection authorities (DPAs) and the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) and the Gibraltar Regulatory Authority (GRA) and the Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) with regard to unresolved complaints concerning our handling of personal data received in reliance on the EU-U.S. DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-U.S. DPF and the Swiss-U.S. DPF. Under certain conditions, individuals may invoke binding arbitration through the Data Privacy Framework Panel. For more information, please see Annex I of the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework Principles. Enforcement Authority
 
The Federal Trade Commission has jurisdiction over RingCentral’s compliance with the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (EU-U.S. DPF) and the UK Extension to the EU-U.S. DPF, and the Swiss-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (Swiss-U.S. DPF). Lawful Requests for Personal Information
 
Please see https://www.ringcentral.com/legal/policies/data-request-guidelines.html for information regarding how RingCentral responds to lawful requests by public authorities for RingCentral to disclose personal information.  Individual rights to access and to limit use and disclosure
 
Please see the relevant section in this Notice HOW WE RESPECT YOUR PRIVACY RIGHTS  for information regarding how individuals can exercise their rights to access their personal data and to limit the use and disclosure of their personal data. Liability for Onward Transfers
 
In the context of an onward transfer, RingCentral has responsibility for the processing of personal information it receives under the EU-U.S. DPF, the UK Extension to the EU-U.S. DPF, and the Swiss-U.S. DPF and subsequently transfers to a third party acting as an agent on its behalf.  RingCentral shall remain liable under the EU-U.S. DPF Principles if its agent processes such personal information in a manner inconsistent with the Principles, unless RingCentral proves that it is not responsible for the event giving rise to the damage. Standard Contractual Clauses
 
RingCentral has taken (i) appropriate safeguards, including adherence to the Standard Contractual Clauses adopted by the European Commission for the transfer of your personal information outside the EEA, the UK and Switzerland to RingCentral, and (ii) further technical and organizational measures to ensure that personal information will remain protected in accordance with this Notice and any applicable laws.  CHILDREN’S PRIVACY RingCentral does not knowingly provide products or services directly to children under the age of 16, or knowingly collect or solicit personal information from or about children under the age of 16 outside of the school offering, which is subject to the Children’s COPPA notice. If you believe that a child under the age of 16 has disclosed personal information to RingCentral outside of the school offering, please contact privacy@ringcentral.com. If you have received a meeting invitation for your child from a teacher or school, or for information regarding how RingCentral handles personal data as part of the school offering, please visit: www.ringcentral.com/legal/childrens-privacy-notice-school-parental-notification.  THIRD-PARTY SITES This Notice does not apply to, nor are we responsible for, the privacy, information or other practices of any third parties, including any third party operating any site or service to which the Website or Apps link including but not limited to social media sites. The inclusion of a link on the Website or Apps does not imply our endorsement of the linked site or service. You should check the privacy notices of those sites before providing your personal information to them.  BLOGS AND FORUMS Our Website offers publicly accessible blogs or community forums. You should be aware that any information you provide in these areas is public and may be read, collected, and used by others who access them and may remain on the public forum indefinitely. To request removal of your personal information from our blog or community forum, you can submit a request through our online portal. In some cases, we may not be able to remove your personal information, in which case we will let you know if we are unable to do so and why. We encourage all users to exercise caution when providing personal information in blogs and community forums.  UPDATES TO THIS NOTICE We may update this Notice from time to time in response to changing legal, technical, or business developments. If we make changes to our Notice, we will post those changes on this page in addition to updating the “Last Updated” or effective date at the top of this webpage. If we make material changes, we will notify you either by emailing you or by posting a notice of such changes prominently on this page prior to such material changes taking effect. 
CONTACT US If you have any questions, comments or concerns about this Notice, please e-mail our data protection officer at privacy@ringcentral.com. Or, you can write to us at:
 RingCentral, Inc.Attn: RingCentral Chief Privacy Officer20 Davis Drive,Belmont, California 94002
USA

Github配置多个ssh key对应不同项目

然后 git clone git@xxlh-github.com/xxlh/start就可以用id_rsa访问xxlh/start项目了!

# 这个是原来的key
# github
Host github.com
HostName github.com
PreferredAuthentications publickey
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
	
# 这个是新加的key
# github_2
Host xxlh-github.com
HostName github.com
PreferredAuthentications publickey		
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Vue异步加载数据,视图不更新

写点赞功能时,点赞后已经追加到对象里了,但是视图没有更新。

查找了些资料:

数据已经更新了但是视图不更新的问题,有几个原因:

1、根属性不存在,而想要直接给根属性赋值导致的视图不更新。此时初始化属性的时候给根属性初始化一个空值就可以了。

2、只有通过以下几个方法更新数组

1234567push()pop()shift()unshift()splice()sort()reverse()

vue才能检测到数组更新。如果想直接通过下标修改数组的话,就需要使用vm-set 方法来通知vue你更新了这个数组。

语法为:

vm.$set( target, key, value ) 
Vue.set(vm.obj,'k1','v1') 
this.$set(this.obj,'k1','v1') 

对象添加可以使用:

this.$set(对象名,属性,值)

———————————————–2019/3/22更新—————————————–

//这块思路 因为得异步更新,点赞后单独更新这一条
//vue数据更新后 同步更新视图 对于对象来说要用Vue.set这种写法
//先把用户点赞的 moment_id存进对象,{51:true,60:true,…},
//判断对象中的属性,v-if=”zan_obj[item.id]” 为true就亮红心,用过滤器使点赞数值+1
//下拉刷新时,清空此对象,此时使用数据库中的点赞状态数据
Vue.set(vm.zan_obj,mom_,true);

Git撤销/回滚(还原)

虽然记了个大致,但是这种危险操作还是每次要来确认下。

开发过程中,你肯定会遇到这样的场景:

场景一:

糟了,我刚把不想要的代码,commit到本地仓库中了,但是还没有做push操作!

场景二:

彻底完了,刚线上更新的代码出现问题了,需要还原这次提交的代码!

场景三:

刚才我发现之前的某次提交太愚蠢了,现在想要干掉它!

撤销

上述场景一,在未进行git push前的所有操作,都是在“本地仓库”中执行的。我们暂且将“本地仓库”的代码还原操作叫做“撤销”!

情况一:文件被修改了,但未执行git add操作(working tree内撤销)

git checkout fileNamegit checkout .

情况二:同时对多个文件执行了git add操作,但本次只想提交其中一部分文件

$ git add *$ git status# 取消暂存$ git reset HEAD <filename>

情况三:文件执行了git add操作,但想撤销对其的修改(index内回滚)

# 取消暂存git reset HEAD fileName# 撤销修改git checkout fileName

情况四:修改的文件已被git commit,但想再次修改不再产生新的Commit

# 修改最后一次提交 $ git add sample.txt$ git commit --amend -m"说明"

情况五:已在本地进行了多次git commit操作,现在想撤销到其中某次Commit

git reset [--hard|soft|mixed|merge|keep] [commit|HEAD]

具体参数和使用说明,请查看:Git Pro深入浅出(二)中的重置揭秘部分

回滚

上述场景二,已进行git push,即已推送到“远程仓库”中。我们将已被提交到“远程仓库”的代码还原操作叫做“回滚”!注意:对远程仓库做回滚操作是有风险的,需提前做好备份和通知其他团队成员!

如果你每次更新线上,都会打tag,那恭喜你,你可以很快的处理上述场景二的情况

git checkout <tag>

如果你回到当前HEAD指向

git checkout <branch_name>

情况一:撤销指定文件到指定版本

# 查看指定文件的历史版本git log <filename># 回滚到指定commitIDgit checkout <commitID> <filename>

情况二:删除最后一次远程提交

方式一:使用revert

git revert HEADgit push origin master

方式二:使用reset

git reset --hard HEAD^git push origin master -f

二者区别:

  • revert是放弃指定提交的修改,但是会生成一次新的提交,需要填写提交注释,以前的历史记录都在;
  • reset是指将HEAD指针指到指定提交,历史记录中不会出现放弃的提交记录。

情况三:回滚某次提交

# 找到要回滚的commitIDgit loggit revert commitID

删除某次提交

git log --oneline -n5
git rebase -i "commit id"^

注意:需要注意最后的^号,意思是commit id的前一次提交

git rebase -i "5b3ba7a"^

在编辑框中删除相关commit,如pick 5b3ba7a test2,然后保存退出(如果遇到冲突需要先解决冲突)!

git push origin master -f

通过上述操作,如果你想对历史多个commit进行处理或者,可以选择git rebase -i,只需删除对应的记录就好。rebase还可对 commit 消息进行编辑,以及合并多个commit。

转自:https://blog.csdn.net/asoar/article/details/84111841

在线项目管理

目前同类产品其实还是不少的,国外的起步时间较早,有trello、asana、basecamp等,国内的有明道、worktile、tower、teambition等,国外的我就不多说了,并且你在试用trello,简单的提一下,trello比basecamp要更好用,这是国外最近的一项调查(Trello vs Basecamp

BuzzBattle: Basecamp vs. Trello — Which Project Management Tool is Best for Business?),trello完胜。 

我还是比较建议使用国内的工具,因为即使英文不错,看着也没有母语来得舒服、高效。国内的几款分析来说,相互之间侧重点不同,有的侧重企业社交,有的侧重个人管理。

10个人起收费。

 这款工具是以任务为核心的,围绕着任务整合了日历、讨论、群组聊天、文档、文件等功能,同时数据分析做得也很不错,会将任务数据形成简报,可以很直观的看到任务的进度;对于deadline的需求,worktile的任务已经整合了该功能,同时,可以根据任务的优先级重要程度自定义任务标签,可以将任务分解为子任务项,添加与任务相关的文件附件;并且最重要的是可以进行任务的分配,非执行者可以通过添加任务关注实时的获得任务的更新动态。总体来说worktile是一款功能强大,但是体量很轻的在线项目管理工具,并且上手很容易,学习成本很低;收费方面,十人以下的团队是完全免费的,十人以上的商用版也有六个月的免费期试用期。如果对于trello试用的不是特别习惯,可以尝试试用一下,当然,我是建议长期的使用一款工具,毕竟即使再简单的工具也需要学习成本的投入,并且对于团队层级而言,学习成本会成倍的提升。

功能比worktile多点,20个项目起收费。 

20人起收费。

功能强大,连CRM都有。 

1、将项目拆解为具体任务,权责明晰(多角色权限划分),细化落实到各责任人

2、查询项目成员的工作量、工作计划、做出绩效考核

3、全局掌控项目、任务执行进度、甘特图模式更加直观

4、对项目执行过程中的文件进行汇总、支持在线文件阅读

5、@留言、即时讨论、邮件OA、协同日程、消息提醒等方式提高协作效率

6、按条件筛选,迅速定位相关项目

Picasa 你不知道的技巧~

对于一个细节控来说,,纠结于 Picasa照片管理简单易用背后的复杂操作 和 关注Picasa版本更新的任何一处细微改动 是在正常不过的了。。。

Picasa同步联系人头像到谷歌通讯录

听起来好像只要用过Picasa的人都知道这个怎么操作,而且使用起来非常简单方便。

但是,,你有没有发现,3.9最新版本的Picasa中已经无法再将联系人的头像同步到谷歌通讯录了!

不仅是Tools菜单下的Upload->Upload People Thumbnails菜单消失了,就连“选项”中“名称标签”的“同步名称标签到谷歌通讯录”也怎么都勾不起来了。

纠结了半天,最好的办法就是,下载一个Picasa 3.8版本,最好是绿色的,放在不同目录,因为他们可以共存!
这样,要上传头像的时候只要打开3.8版,点击Upload People Thumbnails上传全部联系人头像(会替换旧的),或把某个联系人中主头像的那张照片发布一遍~

重装电脑 数据还原

最好的办法是在重装前,备份AppData目录下的Picasa数据目录。

还有一种方法是用mklink,这样不仅不会占C盘空间,还可以应对突发重装。

而这里说说如果万一真没了,或者需要迁移电脑,之前的Picasa中之前的相册都是与网络中相册联接的,新装的Picasa就算建立同名相册也不会联接旧的在线相册。

插入下,联接在线相册的好处是 开启同步后,只需要将照片添加到这个本地相册,网络相册也会随之新增照片!

想联接旧相册的方法就是,创建一个本地相册,拖入一两张照片,然后点击相册上的“共享”按钮,下拉选择需要联接的在线相册。这样,以后这个相册就标记为联接到你选的在线相册了!
再开启同步,放入照片,在线相册也同步发生改变!

BTW:Picasa好像能识别在线照片是你电脑中的哪一张,新装的Picasa做好与在线相册联接后,开启同步:如果你电脑中有这个在线相册中的照片,则不会下载它,直接将电脑中这张照片添加到这个开启同步的本地相册。

设置静态路由 不同网段可以互相访问

(下级路由网段访问上级路由网段  上级路由网段访问下级路由网段)
(从属网段访问共享)
文章貌似说的很详细了。
简单来说,
下级路由网段自然可以访问上级路由网段,像图1那种,192.168.1.x网段的电脑是自然可以访问192.168.0.x网段的电脑的共享。因为有R1路由器。
上级路由网段如果要访问下级路由网段,像图1那种,如果192.168.0.x网段的电脑想要访问192.168.1.x网段的电脑的共享,那么就要像下述那样,设置一条静态路由即可。
其他例子不说。我只是针对某一种特定需求,比如原来在局域网中的一台电脑一根网线连接交换机(路由器),现在想加一个便携无线路由(带有WLAN/LAN自适应口和LAN口各一个)让手机使用上网。这样用这个网线接一个便携无线路由的WLan,然后Lan接回这台电脑即可。手机使用无线路由上网,电脑也可以通过这个便携无线路由自然可以访问上级路由网段,也就是原来的网段,中的其他电脑的共享。

     随着宽带接入的普及,很多家庭和小企业都组建了局域网来共享宽带接入。而且随着局域网规模的扩大,很多地方都涉及到2台或以上路由器的应用。当一个局域网内存在2台以上的路由器时,由于其下主机互访的需求,往往需要设置路由。由于网络规模较小且不经常变动,所以静态路由是最合适的选择。可是如果是多网段,又想实现不同网段电脑互访,设置静态路由就要掌握方法了。

    本文作为一篇初级入门类文章,会以几个简单实例讲解静态路由,并在最后讲解一点关于路由汇总(归纳)的知识。由于这类家庭和小型办公局域网所采用的一般都是中低档宽带路由器,所以这篇文章就以最简单的宽带路由器为例。(其实无论在什么档次的路由器上,除了配置方式和命令不同,其配置静态路由的原理是不会有差别的。)常见的1WAN口、4LAN口宽带路由器可以看作是一个最简单的双以太口路由器+一个4口小交换机,其WAN口接外网,LAN口接内网以做区分。

    路由就是把信息从源传输到目的地的行为。形象一点来说,信息包好比是一个要去某地点的人,路由就是这个人选择路径的过程。而路由表就像一张地图,标记着各种路线,信息包就依靠路由表中的路线指引来到达目的地,路由条目就好像是路标。在大多数宽带路由器中,未配置静态路由的情况下,内部就存在一条默认路由,这条路由将 LAN口下所有目的地不在自己局域网之内的信息包转发到WAN口的网关去。宽带路由器只需要进行简单的WAN口参数的配置,内网的主机就能访问外网,就是这条路由在起作用。本文将分两个部分,第一部分讲解静态路由的设置应用,第二部分讲解关于路由归纳的方法和作用。

    下面就以网络初学者遇到的几个典型应用为例,说明一下什么情况需要设置静态路由,静态路由条目的组成,以及静态路由的具体作用。

 

例一:最简单的串连式双路由器型环境

    这种情况多出现于中小企业在原有的路由器共享Internet的网络中,由于扩展的需要,再接入一台路由器以连接另一个新加入的网段。而家庭中也很可能出现这种情况,如用一台宽带路由器共享宽带后,又加入了一台无线路由器满足无线客户端的接入。

    公司里原有一个局域网LAN 1,靠一台路由器共享Internet,现在又在其中添加了一台路由器,下挂另一个网段LAN 2的主机。经过简单设置后,发现所有主机共享Internet没有问题,但是LAN 1的主机无法与LAN 2的主机通信,而LAN 2的主机却能Ping通LAN 1下的主机。这是怎么回事?

    这是因为路由器隔绝广播,划分了广播域,此时LAN 1和LAN 2的主机位于两个不同的网段中,中间被新加入的路由器隔离了。所以此时LAN 1下的主机不能“看”到LAN 1里的主机,只能将信息包先发送到默认网关,而此时的网关没有设置到LAN 2的路由,无法做有效的转发。这种情况下,必须要设置静态路由条目。此种网络环境的拓扑示意如下:

设置静态路由 <wbr>不同网段可以互相访问
 

设置静态路由 <wbr>不同网段可以互相访问

 图1(注:图中省略了可能存在的交换层设备)

    如图一所示,LAN 1为192.168.0.0这个标准C类网段,路由器R1为原有路由器,它的WAN口接入宽带,LAN口(IP为192.168.0.1)挂着 192.168.0.0网段(子网掩码255.255.255.0的C类网)主机和路由器R2(新添加)的WAN口(IP为 192.168.0.100)。R2的LAN口(IP为192.168.1.1)下挂着新加入的LAN 2这个192.168.1.0的C类不同网段的主机。

    如果按照共享 Internet的方式简单设置,此时应将192.168.0.0的主机网关都指向R1的LAN口(192.168.0.1),192.168.1.0网段的主机网关指向R2的LAN口(192.168.1.1),那么只要R2的WAN口网关指向192.168.0.1,192.168.1.0的主机就都能访问192.168.0.0网段的主机并能通过宽带连接上网。这是因为前面所说的宽带路由器中一条默认路由在起作用,它将所有非本网段的目的IP包都发到WAN口的网关(即路由器R1),再由R1来决定信息包应该转发到它自己连的内网还是发到外网去。但是192.168.0.0网段的主机网关肯定要指向 192.168.0.1,而R1这时并不知道192.168.1.0这个LAN 2的正确位置,那么此时只能上网以及本网段内的互访,不能访问到192.168.1.0网段的主机。这时就需要在R1上指定一条静态路由,使目的IP为 192.168.1.0网段的信息包能转发到路由器R2去。

一条静态路由条目一般由3部分组成:1.目的IP地址或者叫信宿网络、子网;2.子网掩码;3.网关或叫下一跳。

例一中R1上设定的静态路由条目就应该为:目的IP地址192.168.1.0(代表1.x这个网段),子网掩码255.255.255.0(因为是C 类网段),下一跳192.168.0.100。如图2,此图为TP-LINK R410中的静态路由表配置项,保存后即可生效。如果是Cisco的路由器,则在全局配置模式下键入命令:Router(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.100。

  注意:其中的网关IP必须是与WAN或LAN口属于同一个网段。那条默认路由写出来就是:目的IP为 0.0.0.0,子网掩码0.0.0.0,下一跳为WAN口上的默认网关,有时我们也称它为“8个0的默认路由”。另外,如果目的IP是一个具体的主机 IP(如192.168.1.2),那么路由条目应为:目的IP 192.168.1.2,子网掩码255.255.255.255,下一跳或网关192.168.0.100。

设置静态路由 <wbr>不同网段可以互相访问
设置静态路由 <wbr>不同网段可以互相访问

图2

    使用此种连接方式,还可以方便的使用路由器内置的访问控制列表来设置LAN 2下主机的访问权限,这对企业用户而言还是很方便的。宽带路由器中的“防火墙设置”其实就是一个简化的访问控制列表,即ACL- Access Control Lists。如:希望局域网LAN 2中IP地址为192.168.1.7的计算机不能收发邮件,IP地址为192.168.1.8的计算机不能访问企业内部位于LAN 1的ERP服务器(假设其IP为192.168.0.10),对局域网中的其它计算机则不做任何限制,这时您需要指定如下的数据包过滤表,如图:

设置静态路由 <wbr>不同网段可以互相访问
设置静态路由 <wbr>不同网段可以互相访问
 

图3

例二:两台平级并连的路由器,下挂子网中主机需要互相通信的环境这种情况

    两台平行并连的路由器上层应该还有一个总的出口网关,而这个网关有可能因某种原因不便设置路由,而此时网络中存在3个不同的网段。

    我家是小区共享型的宽带接入,我自己用一台宽带路由器构建了一个家庭局域网以共享Internet,正好邻居也跟我一样用宽带路由器构建了另一个家庭局域网。而我们各自局域网内的主机之间却不能互相通信,根本ping不通,这是怎么回事?

    这种情况下整个小区其实就是一个大的局域网,主机不能互通的原因,其实跟例一中LAN 1不能ping通LAN 2的原因一样,都是因为上层的默认网关不知道目的IP所属网段的正确位置,无法做有效转发所致。这种环境的典型示意图如下:

设置静态路由 <wbr>不同网段可以互相访问
 

设置静态路由 <wbr>不同网段可以互相访问

 图4

图中内网网关就是小区的网关,R1和R3分别为两户的宽带路由器,它们之间一般通过楼层的接入交换机和小区的骨干交换机连接在一起,此图省略了这一部分。图4的这种情况,只要在网关设备上按例一的方式添加两条路由就能实现两个子网中主机的互访,而且其10.0.0.0这个A类网段中存在的主机也都能通过这两条路由访问到R1和R3下的内网机。但是如果是小区的网关设备,那肯定是不会让用户随便配置路由条目的,而且你应该也不想小区内的所有用户都能直接访问到你的内网主机。这时,我们可以在R1和R3上各添加一条路由指向对方来实现R1和R3下主机直接互访的效果。
在R1上:目的IP地址172.16.0.0,子网掩码255.255.0.0(B类网段),下一跳10.1.1.3。

在R3上:目的IP地址192.168.0.0,子网掩码255.255.255.0(C类网段),下一跳10.1.1.2。

注:有些新型小区中使用了P-VLAN技术,这种网络的情况比较复杂,这样上面简单的静态路由设置有可能无法达到目的。

 

例三:既串且并,网络中有多级路由设备的环境。

    这种情况可以说是例一和例二两种应用的整合和延伸,看似复杂其实简单。如果像例二中那样的环境中,我家里的局域网再添置一个路由器,下挂另一个网段以做扩展,那要怎么设置呢?

    这种网络结构,确实就是将例一和例二合在一起了。这时一共有4个网段并存,我们的设置是要让两户家庭局域网下的3个子网内主机能够互通,而此时小区的网关当然还是不能去设置的。其拓扑示意图如下:

设置静态路由 <wbr>不同网段可以互相访问
 

设置静态路由 <wbr>不同网段可以互相访问

 图5

可以看到图5就是将图1和图4整合在一起了。既然拓扑图是例一、例二的结合,那将例一、例二中的路由条目加在一起是不是就可以了呢?当然也不是这么简单,如果只是配置了前两例的路由条目,R3下的主机是无法直接访问到R2下的192.168.1.0这个子网的。所以在R3上还要加一条到 192.168.1.0这个子网的路由。静态路由条目配置如下:

R1:目的IP地址192.168.1.0,子网掩码255.255.255.0,下一跳192.168.0.100。

目的IP地址172.16.0.0,子网掩码255.255.0.0,下一跳10.1.1.3。

R3:目的IP地址192.168.0.0,子网掩码255.255.255.0,下一跳10.1.1.2。

目的IP地址192.168.1.0,子网掩码255.255.255.0,下一跳10.1.1.2。

    为何R3中第二条路由的下一跳不是直接指向R2,而是也指向R1呢?

    这个问题要从路由器间通信的原理来讲解。路由器是通过ARP解析协议来获得下一跳路由器的MAC地址,而ARP基于广播,在一般情况下路由器是不会转发广播,也就是广播包无法过路由。所以对于路由器R3来讲,R1和R3才是同等级的,它只能看到R1,不能看到R2,这就是为何在例一的注意中提到:“其中的网关IP必须是与WAN或LAN口属于同一个网段”的原因。而文中所说的静态路由条目组成的第3部分:网关又叫下一跳,而不叫下两跳、下三跳也是这个意思。总之,在一般情况下,下一跳路由的IP地址肯定要跟这个路由器的某个接口是在同一个网段的。

 

本篇文章下面的部分将讲解关于路由汇总(或叫路由归纳)的知识。

    上面例三中R3上的静态路由条目,其实可以写成一条:目的IP地址192.168.0.0,子网掩码255.255.0.0(不再是C类子网的掩码),下一跳10.1.1.2。这时192.168.0.0,掩码255.255.0.0这个网段不能称为C类或B类的子网了,由于它超过了本身C类网段的范围,所以可以称它是一个超网。这个网段包含了192.168.0.0~192.168.255.0所有的子网。也就是说,这条静态路由会使所有目的IP在这个范围内的信息包,都发给10.1.1.2的路由器R1。将多条子路由条目汇总成一条都包含其内的总路由条目,这就是路由汇总或叫路由归纳。路由器在检查计算路由时是比较消耗资源的,路由条目越多,路由表越长,则这个过程耗时越多,所以通过路由汇总减少路由表的长度,对提高路由器工作效率是很有帮助的。虽然在举例中的这种只有几个路由器的小网络中起到的作用有限,但是如果是几十、几百甚至上千、上万个路由器的大型网络中,路由归纳起到的作用就非常明显了,可以说不使用路由归纳是不可想象的。

 

 

 

例四:

设置静态路由 <wbr>不同网段可以互相访问
 

 

设置静态路由 <wbr>不同网段可以互相访问

 图6

可能细心的读者已经发现,例三最后的那条归纳路由虽然包含了R1下所有的两个子网(192.168.0.0和192.168.1.0),但是也包含了 R1下实际上并不存在的一些子网(192.168.2.0~192.168.255.0)。如果在整个局域网中别的路由器下还存在这些子网(如图6,R4 下存在192.168.2.0子网),那么路由就会出错了,所以这条汇总路由是一条不精确的汇总。

    我们都知道IPv4的地址是由4段8位的二进制数组成,一部分是网络位,一部分是主机位。其对应的子网掩码网络位部分就是全1的二进制数,而主机位就是全0 的二进制数。每个信息包在过路由器时会检查其目的IP,和路由表中路由条目的子网掩码做“与”运算,并与路由条目中目的IP进行比对,相同的就按照这条路由规则转发,不相同的就再检查比对下一条。可以看出我们做的汇总路由的操作,就是将多条路由条目中目的IP相同的网络位提取出来写成一条。而例三中的汇总路由之所以不精确就是因为相同部分未能全部提出来。
    如例三中,R3上的第一条:目的IP为 192.168.0.0;第二条:目的IP为192.168.1.0。我们只提取了前面的两段192.168,而后面的第三段网络位中还是有相同的部分的。192.168.0.0中第三段写成二进制数为00000000(8位0),182.168.1.0中第三段写成二进制数为00000001(7位 0,1位1),那么它们的前7位是相同的,在对应的子网掩码位置上就应该是11111110(7位1,1位0),合成十进制为254。所以这条汇总路由应该写成:目的IP为192.168.0.0,子网掩码255.255.254.0,下一跳10.1.1.2。这样,这条汇总路由只包含 192.168.0.0和192.168.1.0两个子网,是一条精确的汇总路由。如图6中,R3下172.16.0.0的主机发送到 192.168.2.0网段的信息包,其第三段网络位写成二进制为00000010(前6位0),就不包含在这条精确的汇总路由内了。

这时我们在R3上静态路由条目应该为:

1.目的IP地址192.168.0.0,子网掩码255.255.254.0,下一跳10.1.1.2。

2.目的IP地址192.168.2.0,子网掩码255.255.255.0,下一跳10.1.1.4。

我们在进行路由汇总时应该尽量使用精确的汇总条目,本着能汇总的条目就汇总,不能精确汇总的条目就不汇总的原则。这样在网络以后的扩展和变动时能更有条理的增改路由表,减少出错的几率。

 

总结:

    静态路由因为其设置简单明了,在不常变动的网络中稳定性好,排错也相对容易,所以在中小企业甚至一些大型的园区网中也都使用静态路由,它在实际应用中是很常见的,属于网络工作人员必会的基础知识。如文中所述,静态路由的设置原理是比较简单的,但可以说它是学习各种路由协议的基础,属于学习路由知识时必学的部分。另外,在越复杂越大的网络中,汇总路由的效果就越显著,而能不能进行有效的路由汇总、汇总的效率如何,都跟网络结构中IP地址网段的分布有密切关系。IP地址的部署越连续而有条理,则路由汇总越容易也越有效,所以我们在部署网络时应该重视体系化编址。(注:在子网环境中,当网络地址是以2的指数形式的连续区块时,路由归纳是最有效的。) <完>

 

转自:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7de8d7960101dvjw.html